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ABSTRACT Purpose To present a model to reproduce the clinical condition, in order to better understand the pathophysiology of neurological impairment related to intoxication. Methods Twenty-five Wistar rats were used and divided into five groups: Shaw group (WHI), water gavage group (WGV), star fruit gavage group (SGV), nephropathic group with water gavage (NPW), nephropathic group with star fruit gavage (NPS).Nephropathic groups were submitted to surgery, developing nephropathy. After surgery, they received preestablished gavage with star fruit juice or water. The electroencephalographic records were evaluated in the experimental nephropathic group that received gavage of star fruit juice. Results To assess the induction of neurotoxicity using electroencephalographic data, the NPS group demonstrated the presence of epileptic seizures associated with star fruit intoxication. Conclusions The experimental model herein presented was adequate to reproduce the clinical condition experienced by nephropathic patients who ingest star fruit juice, establishing, thus, an experimental model utterly important for the study of the neurological toxicity process.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Fruit , Kidney Diseases , Reference Standards , Rats, Wistar , Models, TheoreticalABSTRACT
Abstract Purpose Studies have demonstrated that star fruit consumption by nephropathic patients triggers severe neurotoxic effects that can lead to convulsions or even death. Brain areas likely susceptible to star fruit poisoning have not been investigated. The objective of the present study was to map possible epileptogenic areas susceptible to star fruit intoxication in nephropathic rats. Methods The study analyzed 25 rats (5 groups). Rats in the experimental group underwent bilateral ureteral obstruction surgery and orogastric gavages with star fruit juice. An electroencephalogram was used to confirm convulsive seizures. Urea and creatinine levels were used to confirm the uremia model. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to map cells with c-Fos protein (c-Fos+ cells) to identify brain areas with increased neuronal activity. Control groups included non-nephropathic and nephropathic rats that did not receive star fruit. Results A statistically significant increase (p<0.01) in c-Fos+ cells was noted in nephropathic animals receiving star fruit juice compared to control groups, in brain areas commonly related to epileptogenic neural circuits including the hippocampus, amygdala, rhinal cortex, anterior cingulate area, piriform area, and medial dorsal thalamus. Conclusion These data corroborate the neurotoxic capacity of star fruit in nephropathic patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Rats , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos , Fruit , Kidney Diseases , Brain , Cerebral Cortex , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism , Fruit/poisoning , Fruit/poisoning , Hippocampus , Kidney Diseases , Kidney Diseases/complicationsABSTRACT
To analyze the effects of application of 1% and 3% insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) cream on the process of wound healing in induced skin lesions in diabetic and non-diabetic rats and evaluate its effect on expression of myofibroblasts. METHODS: Ninety-six Wistar adult male rats were divided into six groups, with 16 rats in each group, as follows: group 1: non-diabetic, untreated; group 2: non-diabetic, treated with 1% IGF-1 cream; group 3: non-diabetic, treated with 3% IGF-1 cream; group 4: diabetic, untreated; group 5: diabetic, treated with 1% IGF-1 cream; and group 6: diabetic, treated with 3% IGF-1 cream. In groups 4, 5, and 6, diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan. After diabetes had been induced, animals were mantained for 3 months. The experimental procedure consisted of the creation of a circular incision of 0.9 mm in diameter using a metal punch. Following this, wounds were treated daily according to the assigned treatment regimen. Groups 2 and 5 were treated with 1% IGF-1 cream, groups 3 and 6 with 3% IGF-1 cream, and groups 1 and 4 and the untreated groups with 0.9% saline solution. From each group, samples from 4 rats were taken at three, seven, 14, and 21 days after the injury. Samples were fixed in 10% formalin to prepare slides for histological analysis. Slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson were observed vascular proliferation, mononuclear cells, polymorphonuclear cells, fibroblast proliferation, re-epithelialization, and collagen fibers. This study analyzed the expression of α-smooth muscle actin using specific antibodies to correlate the temporal expression of α-smooth muscle-specific actin (α-SM actin), a molecular marker for myofibroblast transformation. RESULTS: Macroscopic observation of wounds showed a more rapid re-epithelialization of wounds treated with IGF. Regarding acute inflammatory reactions, the results of the analysis of vascular.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Growth/physiology , Diabetes Complications , Insulin/pharmacology , Rats/classificationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the use of LigaSureTM in appendectomy, with or without acute inflammatory process, and to compare with simple ligature and conventional therapy. METHODS: A total of 30 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) randomly allocated in two groups, group A and B, of 15 animals each were used. The group A without acute appendicitis and the group B with acute appendicitis were submitted to appendectomy. After, the groups were subdivided into three groups, each group containing five rabbits submitted to simple ligature, conventional therapy and application of LigaSureTM. We assessed macroscopic and microscopy parameters of appendiceal stump and operative wound. RESULTS: The group with acute appendicitis that LigaSureTM was applied had fibrosis in 100% of animals, as well as in the other operative techniques used. It suggested that application of LigaSureTM is efficient as other techniques used in healing of appendiceal stump. CONCLUSIONS: The application of LigaSureTM induces the formation of fibrosis in the appendiceal stump. The technique proved efficacy to induce enough fibrous tissue to obstruct leakage of enteric content.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da utilização do LigaSureTM na apendicectomia, com ou sem a presença de processo inflamatório agudo, comparando com ligadura simples ou técnica tradicional. MÉTODOS: Um total de 30 coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) foi alocado em dois grupos, grupos A e B, cada um composto por 15 animais. O grupo A não apresentava apendicite aguda e o grupo B com apendicite aguda, sendo os animais submetidos à apendicitectomia. Cada grupo foi divido em três subgrupos, cada um com cinco animais onde foram então submetidos à ligadura simples, técnica tradicional ou utilização do LigaSureTM. Foram avaliados parâmetros macroscópicos assim como microscópicos do coto apendicular assim como da ferida operatória. RESULTADOS: No grupo que apresentava apendicite aguda onde foi utilizado o LigaSureTM, foi observado fibrose em 100% dos animais, assim como nos outros dois grupos. Com isto mostrou-se que a aplicação do LigaSureTM é tão eficiente quanto as outras técnicas utilizadas na cicatrizaçãoo do coto apendicular. CONCLUSÕES: A utilização do LigaSureTM induz a formação de fibrose na região do coto apencicular. A técnica foi eficaz quanto à formação de tecido fibrótico evitando o extravassamento de conteúdo entérico.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rabbits , Appendectomy/methods , Appendicitis/surgery , Electrocoagulation/methods , Acute Disease , Appendectomy/standards , Appendicitis/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Electrocoagulation/standards , Ligation , Laparoscopy/methods , Random Allocation , Suture TechniquesABSTRACT
Introdução: O transplante de fígado melhorar significativamente a taxa de sobrevivência de crianças e adolescentes com doença hepática terminal. Os pacientes, uma vez que tinha um prognóstico fatal, hoje podem ser submetidos a transplante de fígado (TF), com taxas de sobrevida de aproximadamente 90% em um ano. A atresia biliar é a principal indicação para a população pediátrica e para aqueles sofreram uma portoenterostomia e não obtiveram bons resultados com a mesma, representando mais de 50% das crianças menores de 2 anos na Europa e nos EUA. O transplante representa a única opção restante de sobrevivência com um bom benefício terapêutico. Os avanços nos cuidados cirúrgicos e clínicos, levaram a melhoria das técnicas para aumentar a sobrevida dos pacientes submetidos a transplante de fígado. Porém, a hemorragia e as complicações biliares representam o tendão de Aquiles do desenvolvimento deste processo. Além disso, a escassez de órgãos para a população pediátrica motiva o desenvolvimento de novas modalidades de enxertos de fígado, como a redução do enxerto de fígado, o transplante de fígado dividido, e mais recentemente o de doadores vivos. As complicações arteriais e biliares continuam a ser uma importante causa de morbidade, mortalidade e perda do enxerto após o transplante...
Introduction: Liver transplantation greatly improved the survival rate of children and adolescents with terminal liver diseases. Patients, who once had a fatal prognosis, today can be submitted to liver transplantation (LxT), with survival rates of approximately 90% in one year. The biliary atresia is the main indication in the pediatric population and for those for whom underwent a portoenterostomy and did not obtain good results with it, representing more than 50% of children under the age of 2 years in Europe and the U.S, transplantation represents the only remaining therapeutic option with good survival benefit. Advances in clinical care and surgical techniques led to improved survival of patients undergoing liver transplantation, but still the arterial and biliary complications represent the Achilles tendon in the development of this procedure. Moreover, the shortage of organs for the pediatric population motivate the development of new modalities of liver grafts, such as reduced liver graft, the split-liver transplantation and more recently the living donors. Despite the improved results, vascular arterial and biliary remain an important cause of morbidity, mortality and graft loss after transplantation. Methods: Survey in Pubmed and Lilacs to gather data related complications of pediatric liver transplantation between 1999 to 2009...
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Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Cadaver , Living Donors , Directed Tissue Donation , Liver TransplantationABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This paper proposes a model of training surgical skills using vascular anastomosis in an animal model that simulates the size, consistency and resistance arteries and veins, to use it to chicken trachea and esophagus, respectively. METHODS: We used chicken necks where the esophagus and trachea were dissected and after preparation were followed every step of the procedure of vascular anastomosis. The flow of the anastomosis was confirmed by direct observation and testing of filling (empty-and-refill test) immediately after the anastomosis. RESULTS: All samples proved to be viable by the criteria described above. CONCLUSION: For the first time presents an interesting experimental model used to train vascular sutures, because it is endowed with all the necessary requirements for the learning of experimental vascular surgery.
OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho propõe um modelo de treinamento de habilidades cirúrgicas em anastomoses vasculares utilizando um modelo que simula o calibre, a consistência e a resistência arterial e venosa, utilizando-se para isto a traquéia e esôfago de frango, respectivamente. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados pescoços de frango, onde foram dissecados esôfago e traquéia e após preparo foram seguidos todos os passos do procedimento da anastomose vascular. O fluxo das anastomoses foi comprovado por observação direta e teste de enchimento imediatamente após as anastomoses. RESULTADOS: Todas as amostras mostraram-se viáveis pelos critérios acima descritos. CONCLUSÃO: Pela primeira vez apresenta-se um modelo experimental interessante que serve para treinar suturas vasculares, pois é dotado de todos os requisitos necessários para o aprendizado da cirurgia vascular experimental.